نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 باستان شناسی دانشکده ادبیات دانشگاه تهران
2 esearch fellow in CNRS team Archéorient (UMR 5133)
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In the Near East, the most ancient writing systems currently known in the world appeared at the end of the 4th millennium BC: the Proto-Cuneiform writing in Southern Mesopotamia and the Early Proto-Iranian (Proto-Elamite) writing on the Iranian Plateau (ca. 3300-3000/2900 BC). Used for administrative and accounting purposes, these writing systems displayed at the same time both important parallels, such as the numerical systems and the numerical value signs, and dissimilarities since most of their signs differed from each other. Early Proto-Iranian (Proto-Elamite) tablets were not used any more after ca 3000/2900 BC, starting a new stage in the history of writing in Iran, still poorly known, which can be labelled for now as Middle Proto-Iranian writing (3000/2900-2300 BC). Around 2300 BC started the last stage, Late Proto-Iranian writing (previously called Linear Elamite writing) used, as far as we know, until 1900/1850 (BC) in the Sukkalmah period. Due to the Mesopotamian influence, cuneiform writing became then widespread in South-Western Iran (Susiana and Fars), and after a few generations in the early second millennium BC, the Iranian script disappeared. This specific Iranian writing consequently lasted for more than 1400 years and experienced during this period apparent and perhaps structural evolution.
The most ancient stage (Early Proto-Iranian / Proto-Elamite writing) is known for more than one century through French excavations in Susa, but remains largely undeciphered. Only the shared elements with the proto-cuneiform writing (such as the numerical systems) are finally well understood. In the present study, using descriptive-analytical method and data collection by documentary process, it is attempted to introduce a method to understand the structure of the Early Proto-Iranian writing.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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